Porphyromonas gingivalis Placental Atopobiosis and Inflammatory Responses in Women With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

Autores organización

• Luis Alejandro Gomez Barrera

  Autor

• 

  Juliette De Avila Quiroga

  Autor

• 

  Diana Marcela Castillo Perdomo

  Autor

• Tamy Goretty Trujillo Escobar

  Autor

• 

  Gloria Ines Lafaurie Villamil

  Autor

Autores

• Montenegro DA
• Suárez LJ

Grupos de investigación

• Complejidad y Salud Pública

  Investigador

  Santiago Galvis Villamizar

• Grupo de Inmunología celular y molecular Universidad El Bosque (InmuBo)

  Investigador

  Maria Consuelo Romero Sanchez

• Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral UIBO

  

  Investigador

  Gloria Ines Lafaurie Villamil

Resumen

The microbiome modulates inflammation at the fetal maternal interface on both term and preterm labor. Inflammophilic oral bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, as well as urogenital microorganisms (UGM) could translocate to the placenta and activate immune mechanisms in decidual tissue that is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). This study establishes the associations between the presence of microbes in the placenta and placental cytokine patterns in women who presented APO, e.g., low birth weight (LBW), preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), preterm birth (PTB) and other clinical signs related to Chorioamnionitis (CA). A total of 40 pregnant women were included in the study and divided into five groups according to placental infection (PI) and APO, as follows: (1) women without PI and without APO (n = 17), (2) women with P. gingivalis-related PI and APO (n = 5), (3) women with P. gingivalis-related PI and without APO (n = 4), (4) women with PI related to UGM and APO (n = 5) and (5) women without PI with APO (n = 9). Obstetric, clinical periodontal status evaluation, and subgingival plaque sampling were performed at the time of delivery. Placental levels of interleukin IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-12p70, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 a (MCP-1a), granzyme B, and interferon-? (IFN-?) were determined using a multiplex flow cytometry assay. All patients showed a predominant Th-1 cytokine profile related to labor, characterized by IFN-? overexpression. The analysis by groups suggests that Th-1 profile was trending to maintain cytotoxic cell activity by the expression of IL-15 and granzyme B, except for the group with P. gingivalis-related PI and APO, which exhibited a reduction of IL-10 and IL-17F cytokines (p < 0.05) and a Th-1 profile favoring macrophage activation by MCP-1 production (p < 0.05). This study confirms a pro-inflammatory pattern associated with labor, characterized by a Th-1 profile and the activity of cytotoxic cells, which is enhanced by PI with UGM. However, PI associated with P. gingivalis suggests a switch where the Th-1 profile favors an inflammatory response mediated by MCP-1 and macrophage activity as a mechanistic explanation of its possible relationship with adverse outcomes in pregnancy. © Copyright © 2020 Gómez, De Avila, Castillo, Montenegro, Trujillo, Suárez and Lafaurie.

Copyright © 2020 Gómez, De Avila, Castillo, Montenegro, Trujillo, Suárez and Lafaurie.

Keywords

• bacterial DNA; gamma interferon; granzyme B; interleukin 10; interleukin 12p70; interleukin 15; interleukin 17; interleukin 1beta; interleukin 21; interleukin 6; monocyte chemotactic protein 1; RNA 16S; tumor necrosis factor; adult; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Article; bacterial count; birth weight; case control study; chorioamnionitis; clinical article; clinical evaluation; controlled study; DNA extraction; factor analysis; female; flow cytometry; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Gardnerella vaginalis; gene amplification; gene overexpression; gestational age; human; inflammation; intestine flora; macrophage activation; metagenomics; Mycoplasma hominis; outcome assessment; placenta tissue; plaque index; polymerase chain reaction; Porphyromonas gingivalis; pregnancy outcome; pregnant woman; premature fetus membrane rupture; premature labor; prenatal care; prevalence; Prevotella; regulatory T lymphocyte; RNA extraction; Tannerella forsythia; Treponema denticola