Zika Virus: A Neurotropic Warrior against High-Grade Gliomas—Unveiling Its Potential for Oncolytic Virotherapy

Autores organización

• 

  Jaime Eduardo Castellanos Parra

  Autor

• 

  Myriam Lucia Velandia Romero

  Autor

Autores

• Calderón-Peláez M.-A.
• Maradei Anaya S.J.
• Bedoya-Rodríguez I.J.
• González-Ipuz K.G.
• Vera-Palacios D.
• Buitrago I.V.

Unidades de investigación

• Grupo de Virología

  

  Investigador

  Jaime Eduardo Castellanos Parra

Resumen

Gliomas account for approximately 75–80% of all malignant primary tumors in the central nervous system (CNS), with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) considered the deadliest. Despite aggressive treatment involving a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical intervention, patients with GBM have limited survival rates of 2 to 5 years, accompanied by a significant decline in their quality of life. In recent years, novel management strategies have emerged, such as immunotherapy, which includes the development of vaccines or T cells with chimeric antigen receptors, and oncolytic virotherapy (OVT), wherein wild type (WT) or genetically modified viruses are utilized to selectively lyse tumor cells. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the Zika virus (ZIKV) can infect glioma cells and induce a robust oncolytic activity. Consequently, interest in exploring this virus as a potential oncolytic virus (OV) for high-grade gliomas has surged. Given that ZIKV actively circulates in Colombia, evaluating its neurotropic and oncolytic capabilities holds considerable national and international importance, as it may emerge as an alternative for treating highly complex gliomas. Therefore, this literature review outlines the generalities of GBM, the factors determining ZIKV’s specific tropism for nervous tissue, and its oncolytic capacity. Additionally, we briefly present the progress in preclinical studies supporting the use of ZIKV as an OVT for gliomas. © 2024 by the authors.

Keywords

• glioblastoma multiforme; neurotropism; oncolytic virus; ZIKV;Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Glioblastoma; Glioma; Humans; Oncolytic Virotherapy; Oncolytic Viruses; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection; oncolytic virus; angiogenesis; apoptosis; astrocyte; astrocytoma; blood brain barrier; breast cancer; cancer transplantation; carcinogenesis; CD4+ T lymphocyte; CD8+ T lymphocyte; cell differentiation; cell survival; chemoradiotherapy; cognitive defect; cytotoxicity; endoplasmic reticulum stress; fatigue; gene expression; genetic engineering; glioblastoma; glioma; glioma cell; head and neck cancer; human; immune response; in vitro study; in vivo study; induced pluripotent stem cell; intracranial pressure; liver metastasis; melanoma; memory disorder; mitochondrial permeability; nervous system development; neurotropism; nonhuman; oncolytic virotherapy; photodynamic therapy; progression free survival; pyroptosis; radiation dose; Review; T lymphocyte; tumor microenvironment; tumor suppressor gene; un